Cómo crear un shapefile de punto / línea / polígono con Python y Fiona - Tutorial

El almacenamiento, la gestión y el análisis de datos vectoriales geoespaciales en shapefiles ESRI es un procedimiento común de los profesionales SIG y relacionados. La generación de estos archivos espaciales se puede realizar no solo en un software de escritorio sino también mediante comandos de Python. Hemos creado un ejemplo aplicado que muestra el procedimiento en Python para crear shapefiles de puntos, líneas y polígonos a partir de un archivo csv mediante el uso de la biblioteca Fiona.

Se recomienda tener los paquetes geoespaciales en un Environment de Conda. Conozca el procedimiento en este enlace.

Tutorial

Código

#import requires packages
import fiona
import pandas as pd

Create point shapefile

#import points from csv file
pointDf = pd.read_csv('../Txt//cropPoints.csv',header=0)
pointDf.head()

	X	Y	Name
0	-84.200969	9.480966	Plant1
1	-84.200841	9.480931	Plant2
2	-84.201841	9.481167	Plant3
3	-84.200862	9.479898	Plant4
4	-84.200657	9.479586	Plant5

# define schema
schema = {
    'geometry':'Point',
    'properties':[('Name','str')]
}

# explore available drivers
fiona.supported_drivers

{'AeronavFAA': 'r',
 'ARCGEN': 'r',
 'BNA': 'rw',
 'DXF': 'rw',
 'CSV': 'raw',
 'OpenFileGDB': 'r',
 'ESRIJSON': 'r',
 'ESRI Shapefile': 'raw',
 'FlatGeobuf': 'rw',
 'GeoJSON': 'raw',
 'GeoJSONSeq': 'rw',
 'GPKG': 'raw',
 'GML': 'rw',
 'OGR_GMT': 'rw',
 'GPX': 'rw',
 'GPSTrackMaker': 'rw',
 'Idrisi': 'r',
 'MapInfo File': 'raw',
 'DGN': 'raw',
 'PCIDSK': 'rw',
 'OGR_PDS': 'r',
 'S57': 'r',
 'SEGY': 'r',
 'SQLite': 'raw',
 'SUA': 'r',
 'TopoJSON': 'r'}

#structure of fiona object

fiona.open( fp, mode='r', driver=None, schema=None, crs=None, encoding=None, layer=None, vfs=None, enabled_drivers=None, crs_wkt=None, **kwargs, )

#open a fiona object
pointShp = fiona.open('../ShapeOut/cropPoints.shp', mode='w', driver='ESRI Shapefile',
          schema = schema, crs = "EPSG:4326")

#iterate over each row in the dataframe and save record
for index, row in pointDf.iterrows():
    rowDict = {
        'geometry' : {'type':'Point',
                     'coordinates': (row.X,row.Y)},
        'properties': {'Name' : row.Name},
    }
    pointShp.write(rowDict)
#close fiona object
pointShp.close()

Create line shapefile

#import line vertex from csv file
lineDf = pd.read_csv('../Txt/cropLine.csv',header=0)
lineDf.head()

	X	Y	Name
0	-84.201990	9.480380	Row1
1	-84.201928	9.480319	Row1
2	-84.201871	9.480261	Row1
3	-84.201820	9.480199	Row1
4	-84.201756	9.480133	Row1

# define schema
schema = {
    'geometry':'LineString',
    'properties':[('Name','str')]
}

#open a fiona object
lineShp = fiona.open('../ShapeOut/cropLine.shp', mode='w', driver='ESRI Shapefile',
          schema = schema, crs = "EPSG:4326")

#get list of points
xyList = []
rowName = ''
for index, row in lineDf.iterrows():
    xyList.append((row.X,row.Y))
    rowName = row.Name
xyList[:5]

[(-84.2019904893069, 9.48038022019686),
 (-84.2019279965972, 9.48031926246447),
 (-84.2018711206848, 9.48026145133191),
 (-84.2018196550243, 9.48019910289781),
 (-84.2017559092017, 9.48013268586072)]

#save record and close shapefile
rowDict = {
'geometry' : {'type':'LineString',
                 'coordinates': xyList},
'properties': {'Name' : rowName},
}
lineShp.write(rowDict)
#close fiona object
lineShp.close()

Create polygon shapefile

#import line vertex from csv file
polyDf = pd.read_csv('../Txt/cropPoly.csv',header=0)
polyDf.head()

	X	Y	Name
0	-84.202396	9.480334	Border1
1	-84.202190	9.480555	Border1
2	-84.201886	9.480792	Border1
3	-84.201529	9.481153	Border1
4	-84.201307	9.481303	Border1

#show the last item
polyDf.tail()

	X	Y	Name
19	-84.201742	9.479385	Border1
20	-84.201863	9.479413	Border1
21	-84.202157	9.479673	Border1
22	-84.202398	9.479917	Border1
23	-84.202396	9.480334	Border1

# define schema
schema = {
    'geometry':'Polygon',
    'properties':[('Name','str')]
}

#open a fiona object
polyShp = fiona.open('../ShapeOut/cropPoly.shp', mode='w', driver='ESRI Shapefile',
          schema = schema, crs = "EPSG:4326")

#get list of points
xyList = []
rowName = ''
for index, row in polyDf.iterrows():
    xyList.append((row.X,row.Y))
    rowName = row.Name
xyList[:5]

[(-84.20239642444, 9.48033431305493),
 (-84.2021899231741, 9.48055508704213),
 (-84.2018864783201, 9.48079161161365),
 (-84.2015288437831, 9.48115260231102),
 (-84.2013071850694, 9.4813034753504)]

#save record and close shapefile
rowDict = {
'geometry' : {'type':'Polygon',
                 'coordinates': [xyList]}, #Here the xyList is in brackets
'properties': {'Name' : rowName},
}
polyShp.write(rowDict)
#close fiona object
polyShp.close()